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Scientific Journals | 2018

Experimental parametric study in industrial-scale dual fluid bed gasification of woody biomass: Influences on product gas and tar composition

Kuba M, Hofbauer H. Experimental parametric study in industrial-scale dual fluid bed gasification of woody biomass: Influences on product gas and tar composition. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018, 115: 35-44.

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Tar measurements at two industrial-scale DFB gasification plants showed clear trends regarding the influence of the above mentioned parameters on the product gas and tar composition. Since data was gathered during tar measurement campaigns over the course of four years the density of information in industrial-scale was increased significantly. As different operation points, e.g. different capacities of the power plant, are included in the consideration, the verisimilitude is comparably high.

It was shown, that reducing the operation temperature leads to an increase of the total tar amounts. However, while the concentration of the tar compounds benzofuran, styrene, and 1H-indene was increased when lowering the temperature, the concentration of naphthalene was decreased. These results were in good correlation with previous work from lab-scale investigations. The temperature did not have a measureable influence on the concentration of the tar compounds anthracene and ace-naphthalene, which was against former experience from lab-scale. The concentration of those larger PAHs anthracene and ace-naphthalene was more dominantly influenced by the bed height in the gasification reactor. Increasing the bed height led to a decrease of the concentration of larger PAHs while it did not have a distinctive influence on benzofuran, styrene, and 1H-indene.

The reactor design was identified as an influencing effect, due to the presence of a moving bed section above the inclined wall, where no fluidization is ensured. Thus, additional fluidization nozzles were installed to reduce the effect of the inclined wall. Finally, two operation points for optimized long-term operation were derived from the results.


Peer Reviewed Scientific Journals | 2015

Experimental validation of a thermodynamic boiler model under steady state and dynamic conditions

Carlon E, Verma VK, Schwarz M, Golicza L, Prada A, Baratieri M, et al. Experimental validation of a thermodynamic boiler model under steady state and dynamic conditions. Appl Energy. 2015;138:505-16.

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Nowadays dynamic building simulation is an essential tool for the design of heating systems for residential buildings. The simulation of buildings heated by biomass systems, first of all needs detailed boiler models, capable of simulating the boiler both as a stand-alone appliance and as a system component. This paper presents the calibration and validation of a boiler model by means of laboratory tests. The chosen model, i.e. TRNSYS "Type 869", has been validated for two commercially available pellet boilers of 6 and 12. kW nominal capacities. Two test methods have been applied: the first is a steady state test at nominal load and the second is a load cycle test including stationary operation at different loads as well as transient operation. The load cycle test is representative of the boiler operation in the field and characterises the boiler's stationary and dynamic behaviour. The model had been calibrated based on laboratory data registered during stationary operation at different loads and afterwards it was validated by simulating both the stationary and the dynamic tests. Selected parameters for the validation were the heat transfer rates to water and the water temperature profiles inside the boiler and at the boiler outlet. Modelling results showed better agreement with experimental data during stationary operation rather than during dynamic operation. Heat transfer rates to water were predicted with a maximum deviation of 10% during the stationary operation, and a maximum deviation of 30% during the dynamic load cycle. However, for both operational regimes the fuel consumption was predicted within a 10% deviation from the experimental values. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.


Conference contributions | 2020

Experimentally verified dynamic simulation model of a NH3/H2O-absorption refrigeration system

Wernhart M, Rieberer R, Zlabinger S, Unterberger V, Gölles M. Experimentally verified dynamic simulation model of a NH3/H2O-absorption refrigeration system. In 14th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants. International Institute of Refrigeration. 2020

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Other Presentations | 2012

Experimentelle Entwicklung eines Pellet-Raumheizgerätes

Raab, A. Experimentelle Entwicklung eines Pellet-Raumheizgerätes, Bachelor Thesis, FH Oberösterreich, Wels, Österreich, 2012.

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Other Presentations | 2013

Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung der Wärmeleitung in Depositionsschichten

Andonov, W. Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung der Wärmeleitung in Depositionsschichten, Diploma Thesis, Technische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria, 2013.

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Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit richtet sich auf die Kondensation von Aschedämpfen und die Feinstaubablagerung in Biomasse-befeuerten Kesseln. Zu diesem Zweck wurden in einer Versuchsanlage aschebildende Substanzen verdampft und anschließend auf einer gekühlten Sonde kondensiert. Als Modellsubstanz für die Aschedämpfe der Biomasse wurde Kaliumchlorid verwendet. Das Rauchgas wurde dabei mittels Verbrennung von Erdgas durch einen Gasbrenner zur Verfügung gestellt. Es sollten Informationen darüber gewonnen werden, welche Struktur die Depositionsschicht durch Kondensation oder Feinstaubablagerung ausbildet (Porosität, Homogenität, Festigkeit, Struktur) und wie die gebildete Depositionsschicht den Wärmeübergang beeinflusst. Die Berechnung des Kondensationsmassenstromes der aschebildenden Substanz mittels eines Ähnlichkeitsansatzes zum Wärmeübergang (Lewis-Ansatz) zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung zu den experimentellen Versuchen. Die Depositionsschicht weist eine sehr hohe Porosität (p > 0,97) auf. Das Wärmeleitmodell „k maximum“ berechnet entsprechende Werte für die Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Depositionsschicht. Die Struktur der gebildeten Depositionsschicht ist von der Oberflächentemperatur der Sonde abhängig. Bei niedriger Sondentemperatur (T1 = 300 °C) bildet sich das Gefüge der Kondensationsschicht aus Kaliumchlorid als würfelförmige Kristalle aus, die „turmartig“ aufeinander herauswachsen. Diese Schicht zeichnet sich durch eine höhere Stabilität aus. Bei höherer Sondentemperatur (T2 = 500 °C) ist das Gefüge aus kleineren nadeligen und tröpfchenförmigen Kristallen aufgebaut, welche „baumartig“ herauswachsen. Wenn man die Kondensationsschicht am Depositionsring betrachtet wird ersichtlich, dass sich die Verteilung der Depositionsmenge in Abhängigkeit von der Depositionsmasse sehr unterschiedlich ausbildet. Bei geringer Depositionsmenge (m < 0,01 [g]) ist die Verteilung gleichmäßig um den Ring verteilt, bei höherer Depositionsmenge (m>0,01 [g]) befindet sich der Hauptteil der Depositionsmasse hauptsächlich auf der rauchgaszugewandten Seite der Sonde. Obwohl die Berechnung der Kondensationsmassenströme mit Hilfe des Ähnlichkeitsansatzes eine gute Übereinstimmung zeigt, sind die berechneten Werte stets etwas höher als die gemessenen Ergebnisse. Es wird vermutet, dass die Ursache in der hohen Instabilität der Depositionsschicht liegt, wodurch Erosionsvorgänge durch die vom Rauchgas erzeugten Schubspannungen die Depositionsschichtdicke reduzieren. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Depositionsschicht ist aufgrund der hohen Porosität (hoher Anteil des fluiden Rauchgasanteils mit geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit, kleiner Anteil des stark wärmeleitenden festen Kaliumchlorids) sehr niedrig, aber trotzdem deutlich höher als die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Rauchgases. Sie liegt in der Größenordnung von k = 0,1-0,2 [W/mK]. Schon geringe Depositionsschichtmassen bewirken eine starke Verringerung des Wärmeüberganges und einen damit verbundenen hohen Temperaturgradienten in der Depositionsschicht. In dieser Arbeit wurden die für den Aufbau der Depositionsschicht maßgebenden Einflussfaktoren untersucht. Diese sind die Rauchgasgeschwindigkeit, die Salzfreisetzung, die Kondensationsdauer und die Oberflächentemperatur. Die Salzfreisetzung ist maßgebend für die Kondensationsmasse. Eine Verdoppelung der Salzfreisetzungsrate zeigte im untersuchten Wandbereich eine Verdoppelung der Kondensationsrate. Eine Verdoppelung der Rauchgasgeschwindigkeit führte zu einer geringen Abnahme der Kondensationsmasse bei gleichbleibenden Betriebsparametern, welches höchstwahrscheinlich durch Erosionsvorgänge bedingt ist. Die Sondenoberflächentemperatur zeigte im untersuchten Temperaturbereich von 300°C-500°C bei geringen Kondensationsmassen keinen Einfluss auf die Kondensationsrate. Bei größeren Depositionsschichten hatte die höhere Temperatur eine Verringerung der Kondensationsrate zur Folge.  


Other Presentations | 2012

Experimentelle Untersuchungen an einem Gasflammenreaktor zur Charakterisierung der Gasphasenverbrennung in Biomasserostfeuerungen

Kamnig, H. Experimentelle Untersuchungen an einem Gasflammenreaktor zur Charakterisierung der Gasphasenverbrennung in Biomasserostfeuerungen, Master Thesis, Technische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria, 2012.

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 Ziel der Diplomarbeit war die Bereitstellung von Messdaten für die Entwicklung eines Gasphasenverbrennungsmodells, welches den niedrig-turbulenten Strömungsbereich und den Einfluss der Strähnenbildung auf den Mischungsfortschritt von partiell vorgemischten Flammen über dem Brennstoffbett von Biomasse-Rostfeuerungen abbildet. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Konstruktion und dem Bau eines Flammenreaktors und einer Gasverteilungsstation zur Erzeugung von kalten Strömungen ohne chemische Reaktion und partiell vorgemischten Flammen mit chemischer Reaktion, welche die niedrig-turbulenten Strömungen über dem Brennstoffbett in Biomasse Rostfeuerungen genähert abbilden sollen. Zur Untersuchung der auftretenden Gas- und Luftsträhnen und deren Einfluss auf den Mischungsfortschritt über dem Biomasse Brennstoffbett, wurde für den Versuchsaufbau ein Düsenkonzept zur Gas- und Luftverteilung verwendet. In kalten Strömungen sollen die Mischungseffekte niedrig turbulenter Strömungen sowie der Mischungsfortschritt aufgrund der Strähnenbildung, entkoppelt von chemischen Reaktionen, untersucht werden. In den Flammen gilt es zusätzliche Einflüsse, wie die Expansion des Gases und die chemischen Reaktionen, zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit wurden im Flammenreaktor extraktive FTIR- und RGA-Spezieskonzentrationsmessung in kalten Strömungen und in Flammen sowie optische LDA-Gasgeschwindigkeitsmessungen in kalten Strömungen durchgeführt. Für die finalen Messungen wurden nur Gaskonzentrationsmessungen mittels FTIR und RGA durchgeführt und diskutiert, da die LDA-Messeinheit nicht mehr zur Verfügung stand. Die Messergebnisse in kalten Strömungen mit einem CO2/N2-Gasgemisch und einem Luftstrom, liefern rotationssymmetrische CO2- und O2-Konzentrationsprofile. Die Messergebnisse zeigen, dass der Mischungsfortschritt entlang der Strömungsrichtung weitgehend entkoppelt ist von den Gaseintrittsgeschwindigkeiten vGas=2 m/s bis vGas=4. Die Konzentrationsergebnisse der Messungen mit den CO2/N2/Luft-Gemischen konnten mittels einer Stoffbilanz erfolgreich geprüft werden. Die Messergebnisse in kalten Strömungen entsprechen bezüglich der Gasgeschwindigkeiten zwischen 2 und 4 m/s sowie mit den Reynoldszahlen zwischen 800 und 9000 den laminaren bis niedrig-turbulenten Strömungsbedingungen von partiell vorgemischten Flammen über dem Brennstoffbett in Biomasse Rostfeuerungen. Die Messergebnisse der Flammenmessungen mit einem CH4/Luft-Gasgemisch und einem Luftstrom, liefern mit RGA- und FTIR-Messungen nicht reproduzierbare Ergebnisse innerhalb der Flamme und weisen große Gasspeziesasymmetrien in der Flamme auf. Die Messergebnisse zeigen, dass die Gaseintrittsgeschwindigkeiten vGas=2 m/s bis vGas=4 mit dem Verbrennungsfortschritt von CH4 in Strömungsrichtung gekoppelt sind. Die Konzentrationsergebnisse der Flammenmessungen mit einem CH4/Luft-Gemisch konnten mit den vorhandenen Messwerten nicht erfolgreich mittels einer Stoffbilanz geprüft werden. Zusammengefasst liefen die Konzentrationsmessungen in kalter Strömung sehr gute Messergebnisse in Hinblick auf Strömungsstabilität, rotationssymmetrische Strömungsausbildung und Messgenauigkeit. Für Messungen in kalten Strömungen sind die Messverfahren mittels FTIR und RGA zur Konzentrationsmessung und das LDA-Messverfahren zur Gasgeschwindigkeitsmessung zu empfehlen. Die RGA- und FTIR-Konzentrationsmessungen in den Flammen liefern keine zufriedenstellenden Messergebnisse aufgrund von Flammenasymmetrien sowie dem Einfluss der extraktiven Probenahme mittels einer Probenahmelanze. Für Flammenmessungen im Reaktor sind berührungsfreie, optische Messverfahren mit einer hohen Messauflösung zu empfehlen. Durchlichtverfahren benötigen zwei optische Zugänge zum Messraum. Für die Anwendung von Durchlichtverfahren müsste der Flammenreaktor von einem auf zwei optische Zugänge umgebaut werden.  


Conference contributions | 2013

Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Hochtemperaturkorrosion von 13CrMo4-5 in einem mit Biomasse befeuerten Fallrohr und ihre Übertragbarkeit auf Großfeuerungsanlagen

Gruber T. Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Hochtemperaturkorrosion von 13CrMo4-5 in einem mit Biomasse befeuerten Fallrohr und ihre Übertragbarkeit auf Großfeuerungsanlagen, VDI-Fachkonferenz: Feuerungen und Kessel - Beläge und Korrosion - in Großfeuerungsanlagen 2013, 24th-25th of June 2013, Düsseldorf, Germany.

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Scientific Journals | 2018

Experiments and modelling of NOx precursors release (NH3 and HCN) in fixed-bed biomass combustion conditions

Anca-Couce A, Sommersacher P, Evic N, Mehrabian R, Scharler R. Experiments and modelling of NOx precursors release (NH3 and HCN) in fixed-bed biomass combustion conditions. Fuel. 2018, 222: 529-537.

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There is a need to reduce NOx emissions, which can only be achieved through a detailed understanding of the mechanisms for their formation and reduction. In this work the release of the NOx precursors, NH3 and HCN, for different fuels is experimentally analysed and modelled in typical fixed-bed combustion conditions. It is shown that NH3 and HCN are released during the main devolatilization phase and the NH3/HCN ratio increases for fuels with a higher nitrogen content. A simplified two-steps model for their release is presented. The model can predict with a reasonable accuracy the release for fuels with a low nitrogen content, however deviations are present for fuels with a high nitrogen content, which probably arise due to a reduction of NH3 and HCN taking place already in the bed.


Contributions at other events | 2013

Extending the range of feedstock of the dual fluidized bed gasification process towards residues and waste

Wilk, V. Extending the range of feedstock of the dual fluidized bed gasification process towards residues and waste, Ph.D. Thesis, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 2013.

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Studien | 2019

Factsheet Staubemissionen

Schwarz M, Strasser C. Factsheet Staubemissionen. 2019

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Zum Erreichen der Ziele der österreichischen Klimastrategie leisten Biomassefeuerungen einen entscheidenden Beitrag. Um dabei die Luftgüte nicht außer Acht zu lassen, wird in diesem Factsheet der aktuelle und zukünftige Status (bis 2050) von Staubemissionen in Österreich basierend auf Literaturdaten und eigenen Messungen dargelegt, und der aktuelle Kenntnisstand zu Emissionen aus Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungen zusammengefasst.


Peer Reviewed Scientific Journals | 2020

Fate of Phosphorus in Fluidized Bed Cocombustion of Chicken Litter with Wheat Straw and Bark Residues

Häggström G, Fürsatz K, Kuba M, Skoglund N, Öhman M. Fate of Phosphorus in Fluidized Bed Cocombustion of Chicken Litter with Wheat Straw and Bark Residues. Energy and Fuels. 2020.34:1822-1829

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This study aims to determine the fate of P during fluidized bed co-combustion of chicken litter (CL) with K-rich fuels [e.g., wheat straw (WS)] and Ca-rich fuels (bark). The effect of fuel blending on phosphate speciation in ash was investigated. This was performed by chemical characterization of ash fractions to determine which phosphate compounds had formed and identify plausible ash transformation reactions for P. The ash fractions were produced in combustion experiments using CL and fuel blends with 30% CL and WS or bark (B) at 790–810 °C in a 5 kW laboratory-scale bubbling fluidized bed. Potassium feldspar was used as the bed material. Bed ash particles, cyclone ash, and particulate matter (PM) were collected and subjected to chemical analysis with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and X-ray diffraction. P was detected in coarse ash fractions only, that is, bed ash, cyclone ash, and coarse PM fraction (>1 μm); no P could be detected in the fine PM fraction (<1 μm). SEM–EDS analysis showed that P was mainly present in K–Ca–P-rich areas for pure CL as well as in the ashes from the fuel blends of CL with WS or B. In the WS blend, P was found together with Si in these areas. The crystalline compound containing P was hydroxyapatite in all cases as well as whitlockite in the cases of pure CL and WS blend, of which the latter compound has been previously identified as a promising plant nutrient. The ash fractions from CL and bark blend only contained P in hydroxyapatite. Co-combustion of CL together with WS appears to be promising for P recovery, and ashes with this composition could be further studied in plant growth experiments


Other Presentations | 2014

Fermentation of biomass from micro algae

Gruber M, Zohar E, Jerney J, Bochmann G, Obbard JP, Schagerl M, Fuchs W, Drosg B. Fermentation of biomass from micro algae, 4th Central European Biomass Conference 2014, 15th-18th of January 2014, Graz, Austria.

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Other Presentations | 2009

First test runs and tar analyses of a low temperature pyrolysis

Wolfesberger, U. First test runs and tar analyses of a low temperature pyrolysis, Master Thesis, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 2009.

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The global warming, the increasing CO2 emission, the combustion and dependency on fossil fuels, as well as the high-energy prices have resulted in an increasing demand in renewable energy sources. Biomass, as a renewable energy source, has the potential to contribute to the future energy mix in many countries. In this thesis the so-called low temperature or slow pyrolysis is chosen to convert biomass into energy rich products. Pyrolysis is a process to convert biomass directly into solid, liquid and gaseous products by thermal decomposition in absence of oxygen. The goal of the pilot plant Dürnrohr is to generate a combustible gas to substitute fossil fuels in the thermal power plant Dürnrohr. The complete process consists of individual steps. First of all the biomass is pyrolysed and pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis char are produced. The obtained pyrolysis gas is combusted in a fluidized bed combustion chamber implemented as afterburner. The following step is fluidized bed combustion of
the intermediate-stored pyrolysis char. Due to the use of different biomasses and adjustment of the individual steps, the process should be optimized for the application for the power plant Dürnrohr. One major point of the production of the pyrolysis gas is the amount of tar. The tar amount was analyzed during pyrolysis operation to find out how much tar is produced at which process settings with a main focus on the temperature. The gravimetric
analysis included gravimetric tar, dust, entrained char, water content and ph-value, as well as the GC/MS tars of the pyrolysis gas. All these data was sampled, analyzed and evaluated as well as discussed.


Peer-reviewed publications | 2013

Fischer Tropsch Synthesis to Biofuels (BtL Process)

Rauch R, Kiennemann A, Sauciuc A. Fischer Tropsch Synthesis to Biofuels (BtL Process). The role of catalysis for the sustainable production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals. ISBN 978-0-444-56330-9 2013:397-443.

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Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is one option to produce liquid transportation fuels from carbon-containing feedstocks. In the past, FT synthesis was used mainly to convert coal or natural gas to diesel and gasoline. In the last decade, much R&D effort has been made to use this technology to convert biomass to a high-quality transportation fuel. In this chapter, the technology for BtL (conversion of biomass to liquid transportation fuels over FT synthesis) is described, from synthesis gas production including requirements on the gas quality to a detailed description of the FT synthesis itself. The main focus of this chapter is to give an overview of the types of catalysts, also including their preparation, reduction, and aging; the types of FT reactors; and also the reaction conditions including kinetic laws and mechanistic proposals.


Technical Reports | 2019

Fischer-Tropsch products from biomass-derived syngas and renewable hydrogen

Gruber H, Groß P, Rauch R, Reichhold A, Zweiler R, Aichernig C, Müller S, Ataimisch N, Hofbauer H. Fischer-Tropsch products from biomass-derived syngas and renewable hydrogen. 2019.

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Global climate change will make it necessary to transform transportation and mobility away from what we know now towards a sustainable, flexible, and dynamic sector. A severe reduction of fossil-based CO2 emissions in all energy-consuming sectors will be necessary to keep global warming below 2 °C above preindustrial levels. Thus, long-distance transportation will have to increase the share of renewable fuel consumed until alternative powertrains are ready to step in. Additionally, it is predicted that the share of renewables in the power generation sector grows worldwide. Thus, the need to store the excess electricity produced by fluctuating renewable sources is going to grow alike. The “Winddiesel” technology enables the integrative use of excess electricity combined with biomass-based fuel production. Surplus electricity can be converted to H2 via electrolysis in a first step. The fluctuating H2 source is combined with biomass-derived CO-rich syngas from gasification of lignocellulosic feedstock. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis converts the syngas to renewable hydrocarbons. This research article summarizes the experiments performed and presents new insights regarding the effects of load changes on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Long-term campaigns were carried out, and performance-indicating parameters such as per-pass CO conversion, product distribution, and productivity were evaluated. The experiments showed that integrating renewable H2 into a biomass-to-liquid Fischer-Tropsch concept could increase the productivity while product distribution remains almost the same. Furthermore, the economic assessment performed indicates good preconditions towards commercialization of the proposed system.


Conference contributions | 2015

Forecasting the Pellet Boiler Stock in Austria until 2030 and Assessing the Potential to Reduce GHG Emissions and Substitute Fossil Fuels

Karner K, Schmid E, Strasser C, Kristöfel C, Enigl M. Forecasting the Pellet Boiler Stock in Austria until 2030 and Assessing the Potential to Reduce GHG Emissions and Substitute Fossil Fuels, 23rd European Biomass Conference 2015, 1st-4th of June 2015, Vienna, Austria. (visual presentation)

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Conference contributions | 2012

Frauen‐ und Familienförderung beginnt bei Männern – Systematisches Karenzmanagement für Mütter, Väter und das Unternehmen

Haslinger W. Frauen‐ und Familienförderung beginnt bei Männern – Systematisches Karenzmanagement für Mütter, Väter und das Unternehmen, Expertenforum K3 "Karenzmanagement macht Karriere" 2012, 9th of May 2012, Linz, Austria.

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Conference contributions | 2012

Fuel indexes –a novel method for the evaluation of relevant combustion properties of new biomass fuels

Sommersacher P, Brunner T, Obernberger I. Fuel indexes –a novel method for the evaluation of relevant combustion properties of new biomass fuels, Conference Impacts of Fuel Quality on Power Production and Environment 2012, 23th-27th of September 2012, Puchberg, Austria.

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The increasing demand for biomass fuels leads to the introduction of new biomass fuels into the market. These new biomass fuels (e.g., wastes and residues from agriculture and the food industry, short rotation coppices, and energy crops) are usually not well-defined regarding their combustion behavior. Therefore, fuel characterization methods with a special focus on combustion-related problems (gaseous NOx, HCl, and SOx emissions, ash-melting behavior, and PM emissions) have to be developed. For this purpose, fuel indexes are an interesting option. Fuel indexes are derived from chemical fuel analyses and are checked and evaluated regarding their applicability by measurements performed at lab- and real-scale combustion plants for a large variety of fuels. They provide the possibilities for a pre-evaluation of combustion-relevant problems that may arise from the use of a new biomass fuel. A possible relation to describe the corrosion risk is, for instance, the molar 2S/Cl ratio. The N content in the fuel is an indicator for NOx emissions, and the sum of the concentrations of K, Na, Zn, and Pb in the fuel can give a prediction of the aerosol emissions, whereas the molar (K + Na)/[x(2S + Cl)] ratio provides a first indication regarding the potential for gaseous HCl and SOx emissions. The molar Si/K ratio can supply information about the K release from the fuel to the gas phase. The molar Si/(Ca + Mg) ratio can give indications regarding the ash-melting temperatures for P-poor fuels. For P-rich fuels, the (Si + P + K)/(Ca + Mg) ratio can be used for the same purpose. The fuel indexes mentioned can provide a first pre-evaluation of combustion-relevant properties of biomass fuels. Therefore, time-consuming and expensive combustion tests can partly be saved. The indexes mentioned are especially developed for grate combustion plants, because interactions of the bed material possible in fluidized-bed combustion systems are not considered.


Conference Papers | 2019

Ganzheitliche Planung dezentraler Energiekonzepte durch mathematische Optimierung

Liedtke P, Stadler M, Zellinger M, Hengl F. Ganzheitliche Planung dezentraler Energiekonzepte durch mathematische Optimierung. e-nova Konferenz 2019.

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Conference contributions | 2010

Gas Cleaning and Treatment of product gas of a dual fluidised bed gasifier for CHP and synthesis applications

Rauch R. Gas Cleaning and Treatment of product gas of a dual fluidised bed gasifier for CHP and synthesis applications, SNG 2010, 30th of June-1st of July 2010, Concepcion, Chile.

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Other Presentations | 2012

Gasaufbereitung für die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese

Pölzl, P. Gasaufbereitung für die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese, Master Thesis, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria, 2012.

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Conference contributions | 2010

Gasification of residues and waste wood in a dual fluidized bed steam gasifier

Wilk V, Kitzler H, Hofbauer H. Gasification of residues and waste wood in a dual fluidized bed steam gasifier, ICPS 2010, 7th-9th of September 2010, Leipzig, Germany.

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Because of the limited resources of fossil fuels the efficient use of renewable energy is gaining importance. Renewable energy from biomass reduces CO2 emissions, which is a necessity to protect the global climate. In the dual fluidised bed steam gasifier wood chips are converted to heat, power and other products very successfully. This work presents alternative feedstocks for this process: biomass wastes, such as waste wood, bark and reed. Waste wood and bark have been gasified successfully and first results of these experiments in the pilot plant are presented in this paper. It has been assessed that reed is also an interesting feedstock suitable for the use in fluidised bed gasifiers.


Contributions to trade journals | 2012

Global effects of national biomass production and consumption: Austria's embodied HANPP related to agricultural biomass in the year 2000

Haberl H, Kastner T, Schaffartzik A, Ludwiczek N, Erb K-. Global effects of national biomass production and consumption: Austria's embodied HANPP related to agricultural biomass in the year 2000. Ecol Econ. 2012;84:66-73.

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Global trade of biomass-related products is growing exponentially, resulting in increasing 'teleconnections' between producing and consuming regions. Sustainable management of the earth's lands requires indicators to monitor these connections across regions and scales. The 'embodied human appropriation of NPP' (eHANPP) allows one to consistently attribute the HANPP resulting from production chains to consumers. HANPP is the sum of land-use induced NPP changes and biomass harvest. We present the first national-level assessment of embodied HANPP related to agriculture based on a calculation using bilateral trade matrices. The dataset allows (1) the tracing of the biomass-based products consumed in Austria in the year 2000 to their countries of origin and quantifying the HANPP caused in production, and (2) the assigning of the national-level HANPP on Austria's territory to the consumers of the products on the national level. The dataset is constructed along a consistent system boundary between society and ecosystems and can be used to assess Austria's physical trade balance in terms of eHANPP. Austria's eHANPP-trade balance is slightly negative (imports are larger than exports); import and export flows are large in relation to national HANPP. Our findings show how the eHANPP approach can be used for quantifying and mapping the teleconnections related to a nation's biomass metabolism. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.


Conference contributions | 2017

GrateAdvance - Advanced adjustable grate solutions for future fuel flexible biomass combustion technologies

Feldmeier S, Wopienka E, Schwarz M. GrateAdvance - Advanced adjustable grate solutions for future fuel flexible biomass combustion technologies. 5th Central European Biomass Conference, Workshop Highlights of Bioenergy Research 2017 (oral presentation). January 2017, Graz, Austria.

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Conference contributions | 2020

GrateAdvance - Advanced adjustable grate solutions for future fuel flexible biomass combustion technologies

Barroso G, Essl M, Feldmeier S, Mehrabian R, Nussbaumer T, Öhman M, Reiterer T, Schwarz M, Shiehnejad-Hesar A, Wopienka E. GrateAdvance - Advanced adjustable grate solutions for future fuel flexible biomass combustion technologies. 6th Central European Biomass Conference, 2020, Graz.

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